As of 2024, India's medical education landscape comprises approximately 706 medical colleges, collectively offering around 108,915 MBBS seats. These institutions MD/MS seats in India are divided into government and private colleges, with government colleges accounting for nearly 55,000 seats and private institutions providing the remainder. 
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The distribution of these seats varies significantly across different states and union territories. States like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra lead in the number of medical seats available. Tamil Nadu tops the list with 11,225 seats, followed closely by Karnataka with 11,020 seats, and Uttar Pradesh with 9,253 seats. 
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In Tamil Nadu, the substantial number of seats is distributed between 36 government and 26 private medical colleges, totaling 62 institutions. Karnataka's 60 medical colleges are divided into 19 government and 41 private institutions. Maharashtra has 57 medical colleges, with 26 government and 31 private institutions. 
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The allocation of seats within these colleges is governed by specific quotas. In government medical colleges, 15% of seats are reserved under the All India Quota (AIQ), allowing students from any state to apply, while the remaining 85% are allocated to state quotas, reserved for candidates domiciled in the respective states. 
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The Indian government has been actively working to enhance medical education by increasing the number of seats and establishing new institutions. Under the "Upgradation of Government Medical Colleges by Construction of Super Specialty Blocks" scheme, a total of 75 projects have been approved, with 62 completed to date. Additionally, 22 new AIIMS have been approved, with undergraduate courses already commenced in 19 of them. 
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Despite these efforts, the distribution of medical seats remains uneven across the country. States like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra have a higher concentration of medical colleges and seats, while northeastern states such as Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya have significantly fewer institutions and seats. For instance, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya each have only one medical college, offering 50 seats each. 
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In summary, while India has made significant strides in expanding its medical education infrastructure, disparities in the distribution of medical seats persist across different states. Ongoing efforts to establish new institutions and upgrade existing ones aim to address these imbalances and improve access to medical education nationwide.